Lithium vs. Lithium-Ion Batteries: Understanding the Differences and Ensuring Safety

In today's tech-driven world, batteries power everything from our smartphones to electric vehicles. Two popular types of batteries you've likely heard of are lithium and lithium-ion batteries. While they may sound similar, there are crucial differences between them that affect their performance, lifespan, and applications.

Key Differences

The main distinction between lithium and lithium-ion batteries lies in their cell construction and rechargeability:

Lithium Batteries - Cell Type: Primary cell construction (single-use, non-rechargeable).

For devices requiring long-term, low-power use (e.g., smoke detectors, watches) due to their longer shelf life and higher energy density.

Lithium-Ion Batteries - Cell Type: Secondary cell construction (rechargeable).

For frequently used devices that need regular recharging (e.g., smartphones, laptops) due to their rechargeability and consistent performance over multiple charge cycles.

Safety Considerations

Both lithium and lithium-ion batteries come with potential safety risks. Understanding these risks and following proper safety guidelines is crucial to prevent accidents.

Thermal Runaway and Fires

1. Overheating: Damaged or malfunctioning lithium-ion batteries can overheat, entering a state called thermal runaway, where they uncontrollably heat up.
2. Fire Risk: Thermal runaway can lead to large, violent fires. Lithium-ion battery fires are typically faster and more aggressive than other types of fires.
3. Counterfeit Batteries: Lower quality, non-certified batteries are more likely to pose safety risks and catch fire.

Safety Tips

1. Purchase: Only buy batteries from reputable sources and look for certification marks from nationally recognized testing laboratories.
2. Charging: Use charging equipment specifically designed for your battery type. Avoid using generic chargers that may not be compatible.
3. Storage: Store batteries in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and flammable materials. Avoid storing them in extreme temperatures.
4. Disposal: Dispose of old batteries safely through appropriate recycling channels. Never throw them in the trash as they can pose environmental hazards.
5. Handling: Handle batteries carefully to avoid physical damage. Do not puncture, crush, or expose them to water.

Identifying Faulty Lithium-Ion Batteries

To identify signs of a faulty lithium-ion battery before it causes a fire, look out for the following warning signs:

1. Heat: While some warmth during charging or use is normal, if the battery feels extremely hot to the touch, it may be defective and at risk of starting a fire.
2. Swelling or Bulging: If the battery appears swollen, bulged, or has any lumps, this is a common sign of failure. Stop using it immediately.
3. Unusual Noises: Failing lithium-ion batteries may make hissing, cracking, or popping sounds.
4. Odor: A strong or unusual smell coming from the battery is a bad sign. These batteries can emit toxic fumes when failing.
5. Leakage: Any signs of fluid or gel-like substance leaking from the battery indicates damage.
6. Smoke: If you see smoke coming from the device, a fire may have already started.
7. Performance Issues: Difficulty holding a charge, longer charging times, or erratic device behaviour can indicate battery problems.
8. Physical Damage: Dents, punctures, or other visible damage to the battery casing can lead to internal short circuits.

If you notice any of these signs, take immediate action:

1. Turn off the device and unplug it from the power source.
2. Move the device to a safe, isolated area away from flammable materials.
3. Use protective gear (gloves, goggles) when handling potentially damaged batteries.
4. Contact the device manufacturer or retailer for further instructions.

Fire Safety and Handling

Fire Safety

1. Fire Extinguishers: Use a Class D fire extinguisher for lithium battery fires and a specialist fire extinguisher for a lithium-ion battery fire. A Class D extinguisher would be inneffective due to lithium-ion batteries not containing the metal - Lithium. Water or standard fire extinguishers are not effective and can exacerbate the fire.
2. Emergency Plan: Have an emergency plan in place for dealing with battery fires, especially in environments where large quantities of batteries are stored or used.
3. Fireproof Containers: Store batteries in fireproof containers to contain any potential fires.

Proper Storage

1. Temperature Control: Store batteries at room temperature. Extreme heat or cold can degrade battery performance and increase the risk of failure.
2. Isolation: Store batteries separately to prevent short circuits. Use battery cases or covers to protect the terminals.
3. Regular Inspection: Periodically check stored batteries for signs of damage or swelling. Dispose of any compromised batteries immediately.

Safe Handling

1. Avoid Physical Damage: Do not drop or apply excessive force to batteries. Physical damage can lead to internal short circuits and fires.
2. Proper Charging: Follow manufacturer guidelines for charging. Overcharging or using incompatible chargers can lead to overheating and fires.
3. Monitor Usage: Keep an eye on battery-powered devices during use. If a device becomes unusually hot, stop using it immediately and inspect the battery.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) Considerations

Both vehicles rely heavily on lithium-ion batteries. While these batteries offer numerous benefits, they also come with specific risks, especially in scenarios like flooding and breakdowns.

1. Flooding: Water can cause short circuits in lithium-ion batteries, leading to thermal runaway and fires. If an EV or HEV is submerged in water, the battery pack can be compromised.
2. Breakdowns: Physical damage from accidents or breakdowns can puncture the battery casing, leading to internal short circuits and potential fires.

Safety Tips for EV/HEV Owners

1. Avoid Flooded Areas
2. Regular Maintenance
3. Emergency Preparedness
4. Call the Fire Brigade & Get Out

 

 

Get in touch today we would be happy to help. Contact Us!